Global Risks Report 2. Reports. Every step forward in artificial intelligence AI challenges assumptions about what machines can do. Myriad opportunities for economic benefit have created a stable flow of investment into AI research and development, but with the opportunities come risks to decision making, security and governance. Increasingly intelligent systems supplanting both blue and white collar employees are exposing the fault lines in our economic and social systems and requiring policy makers to look for measures that will build resilience to the impact of automation. Leading entrepreneurs and scientists are also concerned about how to engineer intelligent systems as these systems begin implicitly taking on social obligations and responsibilities, and several of them penned an Open Letter on Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence in late 2. Whether or not we are comfortable with AI may already be moot more pertinent questions might be whether we can and ought to build trust in systems that can make decisions beyond human oversight that may have irreversible consequences. Growing Investment, Benefits and Potential Risk. By providing new information and improving decision making through data driven strategies, AI could potentially help to solve some of the complex global challenges of the 2. Start ups specializing in AI applications received US2. US1. 5 billion in the first half of 2. Government programmes and existing technology companies add further billions Figure 3. FZero is a series of futuristic racing video games originally created by Nintendo EAD with multiple games developed by outside companies. The first game was released. Leading players are not just hiring from universities, they are hiring the universities Amazon, Google and Microsoft have moved to funding professorships and directly acquiring university researchers in the search for competitive advantage. Machine learning techniques are now revealing valuable patterns in large data sets and adding value to enterprises by tackling problems at a scale beyond human capability. For example, Stanfords computational pathologist C Path has highlighted unnoticed indicators for breast cancer by analysing thousands of cellular features on hundreds of tumour images,4 while Deep. Mind increased the power usage efficiency of Alphabet Inc. AI applications can reduce costs and improve diagnostics with staggering speed and surprising creativity. The generic term AI covers a wide range of capabilities and potential capabilities. Some serious thinkers fear that AI could one day pose an existential threat a superintelligence might pursue goals that prove not to be aligned with the continued existence of humankind. Such fears relate to strong AI or artificial general intelligence AGI, which would be the equivalent of human level awareness, but which does not yet exist. Current AI applications are forms of weak or narrow AI or artificial specialized intelligence ASI they are directed at solving specific problems or taking actions within a limited set of parameters, some of which may be unknown and must be discovered and learned. Tasks such as trading stocks, writing sports summaries, flying military planes and keeping a car within its lane on the highway are now all within the domain of ASI. As ASI applications expand, so do the risks of these applications operating in unforeseeable ways or outside the control of humans. The 2. 01. 0 and 2. ASI applications can have unanticipated real world impacts, while Alpha. Monitor the web for interesting new content. Machine learning techniques are now revealing valuable patterns in large data sets and adding value to enterprises by tackling problems at a scale beyond human. Almost_Human_08-650x365.jpg' alt='Watch Almost Human Online Idigitaltimes' title='Watch Almost Human Online Idigitaltimes' />Go shows how ASI can surprise human experts with novel but effective tactics Box 3. In combination with robotics, AI applications are already affecting employment and shaping risks related to social inequality. AI has great potential to augment human decision making by countering cognitive biases and making rapid sense of extremely large data sets at least one venture capital firm has already appointed an AI application to help determine its financial decisions. Gradually removing human oversight can increase efficiency and is necessary for some applications, such as automated vehicles. However, there are dangers in coming to depend entirely on the decisions of AI systems when we do not fully understand how the systems are making those decisions. Box 3. 2. 1 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Warfareby Jean Marc Rickli, Geneva Centre for Security Policy. One sector that saw the huge disruptive potential of AI from an early stage is the military. Adventure Time follows the adventures of a boy, Finn the Human voiced by Jeremy Shada, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake the Dog John DiMaggio, who. The weaponization of AI will represent a paradigm shift in the way wars are fought, with profound consequences for international security and stability. Serious investment in autonomous weapon systems AWS began a few years ago in July 2. Pentagons Defense Science Board published its first study on autonomy, but there is no consensus yet on how to regulate the development of these weapons. The international community started to debate the emerging technology of lethal autonomous weapons systems LAWS in the framework of the United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapon CCW in 2. Yet, so far, states have not agreed on how to proceed. Watch Almost Human Online Idigitaltimes' title='Watch Almost Human Online Idigitaltimes' />Those calling for a ban on AWS fear that human beings will be removed from the loop, leaving decisions on the use lethal force to machines, with ramifications we do not yet understand. There are lessons here from non military applications of AI. Consider the example of Alpha. Go, the AI Go player created by Googles Deep. Mind division, which in March last year beat the worlds second best human player. Some of Alpha. Gos moves puzzled observers, because they did not fit usual human patterns of play. Deep. Mind CEO Demis Hassabis explained the reason for this difference as follows unlike humans, the Alpha. Go program aims to maximize the probability of winning rather than optimizing margins. If this binary logic in which the only thing that matters is winning while the margin of victory is irrelevant were built into an autonomous weapons system, it would lead to the violation of the principle of proportionality, because the algorithm would see no difference between victories that required it to kill one adversary or 1,0. Autonomous weapons systems will also have an impact on strategic stability. Since 1. 94. 5, the global strategic balance has prioritized defensive systems a priority that has been conducive to stability because it has deterred attacks. However, the strategy of choice for AWS will be based on swarming, in which an adversarys defence system is overwhelmed with a concentrated barrage of coordinated simultaneous attacks. This risks upsetting the global equilibrium by neutralizing the defence systems on which it is founded. This would lead to a very unstable international configuration, encouraging escalation and arms races and the replacement of deterrence by pre emption. We may already have passed the tipping point for prohibiting the development of these weapons. An arms race in autonomous weapons systems is very likely in the near future. The international community should tackle this issue with the utmost urgency and seriousness because, once the first fully autonomous weapons are deployed, it will be too late to go back. Risks to Decision Making, Security and Safety. In any complex and chaotic system, including AI systems, potential dangers include mismanagement, design vulnerabilities, accidents and unforeseen occurrences. These pose serious challenges to ensuring the security and safety of individuals, governments and enterprises. It may be tolerable for a bug to cause an AI mobile phone application to freeze or misunderstand a request, for example, but when an AI weapons system or autonomous navigation system encounters a mistake in a line of code, the results could be lethal. Machine learning algorithms can also develop their own biases, depending on the data they analyse. For example, an experimental Twitter account run by an AI application ended up being taken down for making socially unacceptable remarks 1. Adventure Time Wikipedia. Adventure Timenb 3 is an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward for Cartoon Network. It follows the adventures of a boy named Finn voiced by Jeremy Shada and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake John Di. Maggioa dog with the magical power to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with Princess Bubblegum Hynden Walch, the Ice King Tom Kenny, Marceline the Vampire Queen Olivia Olson, BMO Niki Yang, and others. The series is based on a 2. Nicktoons and Frederator Studios animation incubator series RandomCartoons. After the short became a viral hit on the Internet, Cartoon Network commissioned a full length series, which previewed on March 1. April 5, 2. 01. 0. The series draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including the fantasy role playing game. Dungeons Dragons and video games. Watch Exorcismus Online Exorcismus Full Movie Online. It is produced using hand drawn animation action and dialogue for episodes are decided by storyboarding artists. Because each episode takes roughly eight to nine months to complete, multiple episodes are worked on concurrently. The cast members record their lines in group recordings, and the series regularly employs guest actors for minor and recurring characters. Each episode runs for about eleven minutes pairs of episodes are often telecast to fill half hour program slots. Eight seasons of the program have aired, and a ninth and final season premiered on April 2. As of October 2. 01. Adventure Time has been a ratings success for Cartoon Network and some episodes have attracted over 3 million viewers despite being aimed primarily at children, it has developed a following among teenagers and adults. The show has received positive reviews from critics and won awards including seven Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, three Annie Awards, two British Academy Childrens Awards, a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award, a Pixel Award, and a Kerrang Award. The series has also been nominated for three Critics Choice Television Awards, two Annecy Festival Awards, a TCA Award, and a Sundance Film Festival Award, among others. Of the many comic book spin offs based on the series, one received an Eisner Award and two Harvey Awards. Various forms of licensed merchandise, including books, video games and clothing, have been inspired by the series. Premise. Adventure Time follows the adventures of a boy, Finn the Human voiced by Jeremy Shada, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake the Dog John Di. Maggio, who has magical powers to change shape and size at will. Pendleton Ward, the series creator, describes Finn as a fiery little kid with strong morals. Jake, on the other hand, is based on Tripper Harrison, Bill Murrays character in Meatballs. This means that while Jake is somewhat care free, he will sit Finn down and give him some decent advice if he really needs it. Finn and Jake live in the post apocalyptic Land of Ooo, which was ravaged by a cataclysmic nuclear war a thousand years before the series events. Throughout the series, Finn and Jake interact with major characters, including Princess Bubblegum Hynden Walch, the sovereign of the Candy Kingdom the Ice King Tom Kenny, a menacing but largely misunderstood ice wizard Marceline the Vampire Queen Olivia Olson, a thousand year old vampire and rock music enthusiast Lumpy Space Princess Pendleton Ward, a melodramatic and immature princess made out of lumps BMO Niki Yang, a sentient video game console shaped robot that lives with Finn and Jake and Flame Princess Jessica Di. Cicco, a flame elemental and ruler of the Fire Kingdom. Development. Concept and creation. According to series creator Pendleton Ward, the shows style was influenced by his time attending the California Institute of the Arts Cal. Arts and his experiences working as a writer and storyboard artist on The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack, a series which ran on Cartoon Network from 2. In an interview with Animation World Network, Ward said he strives to combine the series subversive humor with beautiful moments, using Hayao Miyazakis film My Neighbor Totoro as inspiration. Ward has also named Home Movies and Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist as influences, largely because both shows are relaxing and feature conversational dialogue that feels natural and is neither over the top nor cartoony and shrill. The series can trace its origin back a seven minute, stand alone animated short film of the same name this short would later be identified as the shows pilot post facto. Ward created the short almost entirely by himself, and concluded its production in early 2. The film was first broadcast on Nicktoons Network on January 1. Frederator Studios anthology show Random Cartoons on December 7, 2. After its initial release, the video became a viral hit on the Internet. Frederator Studios then pitched an Adventure Time series to Nicktoons Network, which rejected it twice. Eventually, Nicktoons rights to commission a full series expired, and Frederatorthe shorts production animation studiopitched it to other channels. One of the studios that Frederator approached was Cartoon Network, which said it would be willing to produce a series if Ward could prove the short could be expanded into a full series while maintaining elements of the pilot. Rob Sorcher, the chief content officer at Cartoon Network, was influential in getting the network to take a chance on the show he recognized the series as something that felt really indie . Patrick Mc. Hale was the creative director of Adventure Time for the first two seasons. Ward and his production team attempted to keep the good things about the original short and improve on them while developing the series. His college friends Patrick Mc. Hale and Adam Muto the latter of whom would go on to be an Adventure Time storyboard artist and creative director, as well as the eventual showrunner helped him to produce a rough storyboard that featured Finn and Princess Bubblegum going on a spaghetti supper date. Cartoon Network was not happy with this story and asked for another, so Ward, Mc. Hale, and Muto created a storyboard for the episode The Enchiridion, which was his attempt to emulate the style of the original Nicktoons short. This tactic proved successful, and Cartoon Network approved the first season in September 2. The Enchiridion was the first episode to enter into production. Ward and his production team began storyboarding episodes and writing plot outlines, but Cartoon Network was still concerned about the direction of the new series. Mc. Hale later recalled that during the pitch of an episode titled Brothers in Insomnia which, for various reasons, was eventually scrapped the room was filled with executives from Cartoon Network. The pitch went well, but the production staff was soon inundated with questions about the stylistic nature of the series. Hoping to resolve these issues, Cartoon Network management hired three veteran animators who had worked on Sponge. Bob Square. Pants Derek Drymon who served as executive producer for the first season of Adventure Time, Merriwether Williams who served as head story editor for the shows first and second seasons, and Nick Jennings who became the series long serving art director. Thurop Van Orman, the creator of The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack, was also hired to guide Ward and his staff for the first two seasons. Eventually, the storyboard for Prisoners of Love managed to assuage many of the fears that some Cartoon Network executives had expressed. Other artists were soon brought on board.